Drugs
OMEPRAZOLE
Overview
Omeprazole is a type of medication commonly used to treat conditions caused by excessive stomach acid, such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach ulcers. It works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces, providing relief from symptoms and promoting healing of the digestive tract. Omeprazole is typically taken orally, either as a capsule or a tablet. While it's generally safe, it can cause side effects like headache, nausea, or diarrhea in some people. Long-term use should be monitored by a healthcare professional due to potential risks.
Short Overview
Interactions with other Drugs
Omeprazole, a medication used to treat certain stomach and esophagus conditions, can interact with other drugs, altering their effectiveness and side effects. For instance, it can increase the blood levels of drugs like diazepam and warfarin, potentially leading to an increased risk of side effects. Conversely, drugs like clopidogrel and St. John's wort may have reduced effectiveness when taken with omeprazole due to changes in how they are broken down in the body.
Side Effects
Genetic Influences
Genetic factors can influence the effectiveness and side effects of Omeprazole, a medication for acid reflux and stomach ulcers. Variations in genes like CYP2C19, which is involved in metabolizing the drug, and ABCB1, which affects the drug's distribution in the body, can alter how an individual responds to Omeprazole. However, these genetic influences do not definitively determine an individual's response to the drug.
Genetic Influences
Omeprazole, a commonly used medication for acid reflux and stomach ulcers, can have its effectiveness and side effects influenced by certain genetic factors. These genetic influences can affect how an individual metabolizes the drug, which in turn can impact the drug's efficacy and the individual's susceptibility to side effects. It's important to note that while these genetic factors can influence how omeprazole works, they do not determine with certainty an individual's response to the drug. The following are some of the key genes that have been found to influence how omeprazole works:
CYP2C19: This gene plays a crucial role in the metabolism of omeprazole. Variations in this gene can lead to differences in how quickly the body breaks down the drug. Individuals with certain variants may metabolize omeprazole more slowly, potentially leading to increased drug effectiveness but also a higher risk of side effects.
ABCB1: This gene is involved in the transport of various substances across cell membranes, including omeprazole. Certain variants may affect the distribution of omeprazole in the body, which could influence the drug's effectiveness and the occurrence of side effects.
rs16944
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No summary available.
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More info
Genotype
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No summary available.
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More info
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No summary available.
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No known effect
rs1045642
located on ABCB1 gene
Genotype
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Individuals with the genotype A/A have increased Drug Effect to OMEPRAZOLE.
Level of evidence
More info
Genotype
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Individuals with the genotype A/G have decreased Drug Effect to OMEPRAZOLE.
Level of evidence
More info
Genotype
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Drug Effect
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Individuals with the genotype G/G have decreased Drug Effect to OMEPRAZOLE.
Level of evidence
More info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
rs16944
Genotype
Level of evidence
Effect
Summary
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
rs1045642
located on ABCB1 gene
Genotype
Level of evidence
Effect
Summary
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
Individuals with the genotype A/A have increased Drug Effect to OMEPRAZOLE.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
Individuals with the genotype A/G have decreased Drug Effect to OMEPRAZOLE.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
Individuals with the genotype G/G have decreased Drug Effect to OMEPRAZOLE.
more info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
It is essential for healthcare providers to consider individual patient factors and understand their specefic genetic profiles to make personalized treatment decisions with OMEPRAZOLE
Variants that influence OMEPRAZOLE
Genes that influence OMEPRAZOLE
Dr. Wallerstorfer
Indication & Usage
Omeprazole is primarily used to treat conditions caused by excessive stomach acid. These include heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest caused by acid reflux, and stomach ulcers, which are painful sores in the stomach lining. It is also effective in treating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition where the stomach produces too much acid. Additionally, Omeprazole can prevent stomach ulcers in people taking NSAIDs, a type of pain medication that can cause ulcers. Lastly, it is used in combination with antibiotics to treat stomach infections caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
Usage of OMEPRAZOLE
Omeprazole is primarily used to treat conditions caused by excessive stomach acid, such as heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and stomach ulcers. It works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces, providing relief from symptoms and promoting healing of the digestive tract. Additionally, it can prevent stomach ulcers in people taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can irritate the stomach lining. In combination with antibiotics, Omeprazole is also used to treat bacterial infections in the stomach. It is important to note that while Omeprazole can alleviate symptoms, it does not cure the underlying condition causing excessive stomach acid.
When not to use OMEPRAZOLE
Omeprazole should be used with caution in individuals with liver problems, as the liver is responsible for breaking down this medication. Those with vitamin B12 deficiency should also be careful, as long-term use can make it harder for the body to absorb this vitamin. Pregnant women, especially in their first trimester, and breastfeeding mothers should only use Omeprazole if absolutely necessary, due to potential risks to the baby. Lastly, individuals allergic to Omeprazole or similar medications should avoid its use to prevent allergic reactions.
Storage of OMEPRAZOLE
Omeprazole should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat. It is crucial to keep it at room temperature, between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius (68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). For transportation, it should be kept in its original packaging to protect it from moisture and damage. It is not necessary to refrigerate or freeze Omeprazole. Always ensure the medication is out of reach from children and pets.
Side Effects
Omeprazole, a commonly used medication, has a range of potential side effects. While many people tolerate the drug well, some may experience adverse reactions. These can range from mild and temporary to more severe and persistent. It's important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and they often resolve with time or with the cessation of the medication. Here are some of the most common side effects associated with Omeprazole.
Gastrointestinal issues: These are among the most common side effects of Omeprazole. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. While usually mild, they can be bothersome and may require medical attention if they persist.
Headaches: These are another common side effect of Omeprazole. While typically mild, they can be disruptive to daily activities. If they become severe or persistent, it may be necessary to seek medical advice.
Respiratory infections: Some people taking Omeprazole may experience an increased risk of these. This is because the drug can potentially alter the balance of bacteria in the gut, which can impact the immune system. If symptoms such as coughing or difficulty breathing occur, medical attention should be sought.
Vitamin B12 deficiency: Long-term use of Omeprazole can potentially lead to a deficiency in this vitamin. This is because the drug can interfere with the body's ability to absorb this essential nutrient. Symptoms of a deficiency can include fatigue, weakness, and memory problems.
Historical Perspective
Omeprazole was first developed in the late 1970s by the Swedish pharmaceutical company Astra AB, now known as AstraZeneca. The drug was a breakthrough in the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, as it was the first of a new class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). These drugs work by reducing the production of stomach acid, which can cause ulcers and other gastrointestinal problems. Omeprazole was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1989. Since then, it has become one of the most widely prescribed medications in the world. In 1996, it was approved for over-the-counter use in the U.S., making it even more accessible to patients. Despite its widespread use, Omeprazole has been the subject of numerous studies and debates regarding its long-term safety and potential side effects.