Drugs
ASPIRIN
Overview
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a common medication used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. It's often used to manage minor aches and reduce fever, but can also help prevent heart attacks and strokes in certain individuals. Aspirin works by reducing the production of substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation. Despite its benefits, it can cause side effects like stomach upset and bleeding, so it should be used under medical supervision. It's available over-the-counter in many countries, but should always be used responsibly.
Short Overview
Interactions with other Drugs
Aspirin can interact with certain medications, altering their effects or causing side effects. For instance, when taken with blood thinners, it can increase the risk of bleeding. Additionally, it can reduce the effectiveness of certain high blood pressure medications.
Side Effects
Genetic Influences
Genetic factors can influence the effectiveness and side effects of Aspirin by affecting how an individual's body metabolizes the drug, their susceptibility to side effects, and the dosage needed for effective treatment. Specific genes involved include CYP2C9, which affects how quickly the body breaks down and eliminates Aspirin, UGT1A6, which can slow down this process and potentially lead to higher levels of the drug in the body, and ABCB1, which influences the transport of Aspirin within the body and can impact its effectiveness. These genetic influences do not determine an individual's response to Aspirin, but they can play a significant role.
Genetic Influences
The effectiveness and side effects of Aspirin can be influenced by certain genetic factors. These factors can affect how an individual metabolizes the drug, their susceptibility to side effects, and even the dosage required for effective treatment. It's important to note that these genetic influences do not determine an individual's response to Aspirin, but they can play a significant role.
CYP2C9: This gene is involved in the metabolism of Aspirin. Variations can lead to differences in how quickly the body breaks down and eliminates the drug. This can influence the drug's effectiveness and the likelihood of experiencing side effects.
UGT1A6: This gene also plays a role in the metabolism of Aspirin. Certain genetic variants can slow down this process, potentially leading to higher levels of the drug in the body and an increased risk of side effects.
ABCB1: This gene influences the transport of Aspirin within the body. Variations can affect how much of the drug reaches its target sites, potentially impacting its effectiveness.
rs4291
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No summary available.
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No summary available.
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No summary available.
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No known effect
rs4292
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Summary
No summary available.
Level of evidence
More info
Genotype
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No summary available.
Level of evidence
More info
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No summary available.
Level of evidence
More info
Legend:
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No known effect
rs5918
located on ITGB3 gene
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Individuals with the genotype C/C have decreased Drug Effect to ASPIRIN.
Level of evidence
More info
Genotype
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Individuals with the genotype C/T have decreased Drug Effect to ASPIRIN.
Level of evidence
More info
Genotype
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Individuals with the genotype T/T have increased Drug Effect to ASPIRIN.
Level of evidence
More info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
rs4291
Genotype
Level of evidence
Effect
Summary
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
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Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
rs4292
Genotype
Level of evidence
Effect
Summary
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
No summary available.
more info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
rs5918
located on ITGB3 gene
Genotype
Level of evidence
Effect
Summary
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
Individuals with the genotype C/C have decreased Drug Effect to ASPIRIN.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
Individuals with the genotype C/T have decreased Drug Effect to ASPIRIN.
more info
Breakdown
Drug Effect
Side Effects
Dosage
Individuals with the genotype T/T have increased Drug Effect to ASPIRIN.
more info
Legend:
Increased
Decreased
No known effect
It is essential for healthcare providers to consider individual patient factors and understand their specefic genetic profiles to make personalized treatment decisions with ASPIRIN
Variants that influence ASPIRIN
Genes that influence ASPIRIN
Dr. Wallerstorfer
Indication & Usage
Aspirin is commonly used to alleviate minor aches and pains, such as headaches, toothaches, and muscle soreness. It is also effective in reducing fever and inflammation. In addition, it is often prescribed in low doses to individuals who have had a heart attack or stroke, as it can help prevent future occurrences by inhibiting blood clot formation. Furthermore, some studies suggest that regular use of aspirin may lower the risk of certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. However, it's important to note that long-term use of aspirin can lead to certain side effects and should be done under medical supervision.
Usage of ASPIRIN
Aspirin is primarily used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It works by reducing the production of substances in the body that cause these symptoms. Additionally, in low doses, it can prevent blood clots, reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. It's also used in the treatment of certain inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. However, it's important to note that long-term use or high doses can lead to side effects and should be monitored by a healthcare professional.
When not to use ASPIRIN
Aspirin should be used with caution in individuals with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding problems, as it can exacerbate these conditions. Those with asthma, liver or kidney disease may also need to limit their use of this medication. Pregnant women, particularly in their third trimester, and breastfeeding mothers should consult a healthcare professional before use. Children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should not use Aspirin due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition. Always consult a healthcare professional for advice on appropriate use and dosage.
Storage of ASPIRIN
Aspirin should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture to maintain its effectiveness. It is crucial to keep it in its original packaging until it is time to use it, to protect it from environmental factors. During transportation, it should be kept in a temperature-controlled environment to prevent degradation. Avoid storing it in areas with fluctuating temperatures like the bathroom or kitchen. Lastly, it should be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
Side Effects
Aspirin, a widely used medication, can have several side effects. While it is generally safe for most people when used as directed, it can cause a range of side effects from mild to severe. These effects can occur with both short-term and long-term use. It's important to be aware of these potential side effects, especially if you're taking aspirin regularly. Here are some of the most common side effects associated with aspirin use.
Gastrointestinal issues: These are common with aspirin use. They can include stomach pain, heartburn, and nausea. In more severe cases, it can lead to ulcers or bleeding in the stomach or intestines.
Bleeding problems: Aspirin can interfere with your blood's clotting action, leading to these problems. This can result in easy bruising, nosebleeds, and prolonged bleeding from cuts. In rare cases, it can cause a severe bleeding event such as a stroke or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Allergic reactions: Some people may have an allergic reaction to aspirin. Symptoms can include hives, facial swelling, asthma attacks, and shock. If you experience any of these symptoms after taking aspirin, seek medical help immediately.
Ringing in the ears: High doses of aspirin can cause a condition called tinnitus, or ringing in the ears. This is usually temporary and goes away once you stop taking the medication. However, if it persists, you should consult a doctor.
Reye's syndrome: In rare cases, aspirin can cause a serious condition called Reye's syndrome in children and teenagers recovering from viral infections. This can lead to serious health problems such as liver damage and brain inflammation.
Historical Perspective
Aspirin has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. The earliest use of aspirin-like remedies can be traced to ancient civilizations. The ancient Greeks, for instance, used willow bark, a natural source of salicylic acid, a key ingredient in modern aspirin, to alleviate pain and reduce fever. However, it wasn't until the 19th century that aspirin was formally synthesized. In 1853, French chemist Charles Frederic Gerhardt was the first to prepare acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin. However, his work did not gain much recognition. It was Felix Hoffmann, a German chemist working for Bayer, who rediscovered Gerhardt's formula in 1897. Hoffmann's work led to the mass production and commercialization of aspirin by Bayer. Since then, aspirin has become one of the most widely used medications in the world, with an estimated 40,000 tonnes consumed each year.