Septate uterus is a congenital difference in the shape of the uterus, so it is present from birth. Many people with septate uterus have no day-to-day signs and only learn about it during an infertility workup, after repeated miscarriage, or during pelvic imaging. Not everyone will have the same experience. Septate uterus does not usually affect life expectancy, but it can raise the risk of miscarriage and some pregnancy complications. Treatment is not always needed, and in selected cases doctors may recommend a hysteroscopic procedure to remove the septum and improve pregnancy outcomes.
How many people live with Septate uterus?
There is no single worldwide count for septate uterus, a womb shape difference present from birth. A recent medical reference says it is found in about 0.2% to 2.3% of women of childbearing age, depending on how doctors define it and what kind of scan is used, which suggests roughly 4 million to 45 million people worldwide (StatPearls, 2024; UN Population Division, 2024) and about 130,000 to 1.5 million in the United States (StatPearls, 2024; U.S. Census Bureau, 2024). These are estimates, not direct counts.
Overview
Septate uterusSymptoms
Many people with a septate uterus have no symptoms and learn about it during testing. When symptoms happen, they can include painful periods, trouble getting pregnant, or repeated miscarriages.
Outlook and prognosis
The outlook for people with a septate uterus is often good. Many have no day-to-day symptoms, but some may face repeated miscarriage or trouble getting pregnant. When treatment is needed, a simple procedure can often improve pregnancy outcomes.
Causes and risk factors
Septate uterus usually results from incomplete joining and reshaping of the developing uterus before birth. Risk factors are not well defined; it is usually not caused by lifestyle, and it can sometimes occur alongside inherited differences in reproductive tract development.
Genetic influences
Genetics may play a role in septate uterus, but the link is not yet clear. Most cases are not tied to a single gene change. Family patterns have been reported, suggesting inherited factors may matter in some people.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of septate uterus usually starts when symptoms, infertility, or pregnancy loss lead to imaging. Doctors confirm it with ultrasound, saline ultrasound, MRI, or a camera exam of the uterus called hysteroscopy.
Treatment and drugs
Treatment for a septate uterus depends on symptoms and pregnancy goals. If it is linked with miscarriage, infertility, or bleeding, doctors may suggest hysteroscopic surgery to remove the septum, while pain relief and follow-up imaging can support recovery.
Symptoms
Many people with a septate uterus feel completely well and do not notice anything unusual in daily life. A septate uterus is present from birth and means a band of tissue partly or fully divides the inside of the uterus. There may be no early features of septate uterus at all, so it is often found during tests for miscarriages, trouble getting pregnant, or pregnancy concerns.
Many people with a septate uterus have no pain, no unusual bleeding, and regular periods. The condition is often found only during an ultrasound or another test done for fertility or pregnancy care.
A septate uterus can raise the chance of miscarriage, including repeated miscarriage. This may happen because the divided area inside the uterus may not support implantation and early growth as well.
Some people with a septate uterus have a harder time getting pregnant. Others conceive without difficulty but run into problems later, so fertility can be affected in different ways.
During pregnancy, there can be a higher chance of preterm birth or the baby lying in a breech or sideways position. These problems do not happen in every pregnancy, but they are more common with a septate uterus than with a typical uterine shape.
How people usually first notice Septate uterus?
Septate uterus is usually not something families or doctors notice at birth, because it often causes no obvious signs in childhood and is first found later during the teen or adult years. For many people, the first signs of septate uterus are trouble with periods such as pain, difficulty getting pregnant, repeated miscarriage, or sometimes preterm birth, which leads to imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI that show a band of tissue dividing the uterus. In other words, how septate uterus is first noticed is often through reproductive health problems rather than visible physical changes, and some people only learn they have it during an exam for an unrelated reason.
Types of Septate uterus
Septate uterus can affect day-to-day life in very different ways. Some people have no symptoms at all, while others may have trouble with painful periods, repeated miscarriage, or difficulty carrying a pregnancy to term. In this condition, the inside of the uterus is divided by a wall of tissue called a septum, and the main types of septate uterus are based on how far that wall extends. Not everyone will experience every type in the same way, and symptoms often depend on the size of the septum.
Partial septate
In a partial septate uterus, the wall extends only partway into the uterine cavity rather than reaching all the way down. Many living with this type have no clear symptoms, while others may notice painful periods, trouble getting pregnant, or pregnancy loss. This is one of the more common types of septate uterus.
Complete septate
In a complete septate uterus, the wall runs through most or all of the uterine cavity and may extend toward the cervix. This type is more often linked with fertility problems, miscarriage, or preterm birth, although some people still do not know they have it until imaging is done. Symptoms don’t always look the same for everyone.
Can I slow down the onset of symptoms?
No—because a septate uterus is a difference in the shape of the womb that is present from birth, there is no good evidence that diet, exercise, supplements, or other lifestyle changes can meaningfully delay when symptoms begin. Healthy habits are still good for overall health, but they have not been shown to reduce the chance of symptoms from this condition or prevent the condition itself. If a septate uterus is linked to repeated miscarriage, trouble getting pregnant, or other ongoing concerns, a specialist may recommend imaging and sometimes a procedure to remove the extra tissue, and getting checked early can help you understand your options without promising a certain outcome.
What genetics can tell you about symptoms
For a septate uterus, genetics usually cannot predict day-to-day symptoms very well, because many people have no symptoms at all while others may learn about it only after miscarriage, trouble getting pregnant, or painful periods. Some congenital differences of the uterus can run in families, which suggests genes may play a part in how the uterus forms before birth, but there is no single well-established genetic change that reliably tells doctors which symptoms will happen, how severe they will be, or when they will start. In practice, symptoms are influenced more by the size and shape of the septum and whether it affects pregnancy than by any known genetic test.
Causes and risk factors
A septate uterus usually starts before birth, when the wall inside the developing uterus does not fully go away. Genes may play a role, and it sometimes runs in families, but no single gene explains most cases. Some people with septate uterus also have other reproductive tract or kidney differences, which suggests shared early development risks. Researchers are still learning how these pieces fit together. No clear lifestyle or environmental exposure has been proven to cause septate uterus, so it is not thought to result from anything you did.
What are the most common causes or risk factors?
A septate uterus usually starts before birth, when the womb is forming and the tissue meant to create one open space does not fully clear away, leaving a wall of tissue down the middle. The exact reason this happens is often unknown, but it can sometimes run in families, which suggests genes may play a part for some people. There are no well-proven lifestyle risk factors, so it is not thought to be caused by anything someone did or did not do during pregnancy or later in life.
Environmental and biological risk factors
When people look for the causes of septate uterus, the honest answer is that most cases do not have one clear, proven trigger. Researchers are still exploring how outside influences interact with our inner biology. Septate uterus usually develops before birth, and the main biological factor is a difference in how the uterus forms very early in fetal development.
Septate uterus starts during fetal development, when the inner tissue of the forming uterus does not change in the usual way. This early developmental difference is the main biological basis of the condition.
In many people with septate uterus, doctors cannot identify one specific exposure or maternal health issue that caused it. This means the condition often appears without a known reason rather than from one confirmed outside risk.
No specific environmental exposure has been firmly proven to cause septate uterus in humans. Researchers have studied possible prenatal influences, but the evidence is still too limited to name any as established risk factors.
Unlike some congenital conditions, older parental age and common birth-related factors are not established risk factors for septate uterus. For many families, this means there may have been nothing obvious to predict or prevent.
Genetic risk factors
Septate uterus starts before birth, while the uterus is forming, and inherited factors may play a role in some families. The genetic causes of septate uterus are still not fully understood, and most people do not have one clearly identified gene change. Carrying a genetic change doesn’t guarantee the condition will appear. In many cases, it seems to result from small changes across several genes that guide early reproductive tract development.
Family history: Septate uterus can sometimes run in families, so having a close relative with the condition may raise the chance slightly. Even so, many people with septate uterus have no known family history.
Development genes: Some genes help direct how the uterus forms before birth, including whether the tissue dividing it breaks down as expected. If this developmental process is altered, a septum can remain.
No single gene: For most people, doctors cannot identify one gene change that fully explains this finding. Research points more toward several genetic factors acting together than one simple inherited pattern.
Broader pattern: Rarely, septate uterus appears as one part of a broader group of differences present from birth that may have a genetic basis. This is more likely to be considered when similar structural differences are seen elsewhere in the body or across several relatives.
Lifestyle risk factors
A septate uterus is present from birth, so lifestyle habits do not cause it. Still, how lifestyle affects septate uterus can matter for fertility, pregnancy outcomes, symptom burden, and recovery if surgery is needed. When people ask about lifestyle risk factors for septate uterus, the key issue is not causing the uterine shape difference but influencing complications around it.
Smoking does not create a septate uterus, but it can lower fertility and raise miscarriage risk, which may worsen reproductive problems already linked to the condition. It can also reduce blood flow and increase the chance of pregnancy complications.
Alcohol does not change the uterine septum itself, but heavy use can impair fertility and increase the risk of poor early pregnancy outcomes. Avoiding alcohol is especially important when trying to conceive or during pregnancy with a septate uterus.
Excess body weight does not cause a septate uterus, but it can add infertility risk and raise the chances of gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and cesarean delivery. A healthier weight may improve overall reproductive and pregnancy outcomes in people with this condition.
Exercise does not correct a septate uterus, but regular moderate activity can support weight control, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular health before and during pregnancy. This may help lower some complications that can become more significant when pregnancy is already higher risk.
Risk prevention
A septate uterus develops before birth, so there is no proven way to prevent the uterine shape itself from forming. For many people with septate uterus, prevention is really about lowering the chance of problems such as miscarriage, infertility, or pregnancy complications through early evaluation and tailored care. Different people need different prevention strategies—there’s no single formula.
If heavy periods, trouble getting pregnant, or repeated pregnancy loss raise concern, getting checked early can help confirm whether a septate uterus is present. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI can guide the safest plan before pregnancy.
Seeing an OB-GYN before trying to conceive can help lower avoidable risks linked to septate uterus. For many living with septate uterus, this is often the best time to discuss how to reduce the risk of miscarriage with a septate uterus.
In some people, removing the septum with a minor procedure may improve the chance of a healthy pregnancy. This is not needed for everyone, so the decision depends on symptoms, pregnancy history, and imaging results.
Once pregnant, early and regular prenatal care can help watch for bleeding, miscarriage, breech position, or preterm birth. Prevention works best when combined with regular check-ups.
Can you prevent Septate uterus?
No, a septate uterus usually cannot be prevented. It develops before birth, when the womb forms differently in the baby, so there is no proven way for someone to stop it from happening. Nothing you did caused it, and healthy habits later in life do not prevent it, though medical care can help with problems it may cause.
Transmission
Septate uterus is not an infection, so it cannot be caught from someone else, passed through sex, or spread by close contact. It is a difference in how the uterus forms before birth, and many people with septate uterus are born with it without any clear reason.
When people ask how septate uterus is inherited, the answer is that it usually is not passed down in a simple, predictable pattern. Some families seem to have more than one person with a uterine shape difference, which suggests genes may play a part in some cases, but many cases happen on their own and are not linked to anything a parent did.
When to test your genes
Genetic testing is not routinely recommended for a septate uterus, because it is usually diagnosed with pelvic imaging and most cases are not linked to a single known inherited gene. It may be worth discussing only if you also have other congenital differences, a strong family history of reproductive tract anomalies, or features suggesting a broader genetic syndrome.
Diagnosis
Many people with a septate uterus do not know they have one until they are evaluated for painful periods, trouble getting pregnant, or repeated miscarriages. This condition is present from birth and is usually diagnosed by finding a wall of tissue that partly or fully divides the inside of the uterus. Doctors usually begin with symptoms, pregnancy history, and a pelvic exam, then use imaging to confirm the diagnosis of septate uterus and tell it apart from other differences in uterine shape.
Your doctor will ask about menstrual symptoms, past pregnancies, miscarriages, and any fertility concerns. A detailed history helps show whether a septate uterus may be affecting day-to-day health or pregnancy outcomes.
A pelvic exam cannot diagnose a septate uterus by itself, but it may help rule out other causes of pelvic symptoms. It also helps your clinician decide which imaging test is most useful next.
Ultrasound is often the first test used because it can show the shape of the uterus without surgery. A 3D ultrasound is especially helpful because it can show both the inside cavity and the outer contour of the uterus.
In this test, sterile fluid is placed into the uterus during ultrasound to make the cavity easier to see. This can help reveal a septum more clearly and show how much of the uterine cavity is divided.
How is Septate uterus diagnosed?
A septate uterus is usually diagnosed with imaging tests that show the shape of the womb. Doctors often use a pelvic ultrasound, sometimes with a small amount of fluid placed in the womb so the space shows up more clearly, and sometimes an MRI scan; in some cases, they may also use a thin camera passed through the cervix to look inside. The main goal is to confirm that a band of tissue is dividing the inside of the womb and to tell it apart from other womb shapes that can look similar.
Stages of Septate uterus
Septate uterus does not have defined progression stages. That is because it is a difference in the shape of the uterus that is usually present from birth, rather than a condition that steadily worsens over time. Many people feel relief once they understand what’s happening, especially if questions first come up after trouble with fertility, repeated miscarriage, or unexpected findings on a pelvic exam or ultrasound. Septate uterus is usually diagnosed with imaging tests such as ultrasound, saline ultrasound, MRI, or a small camera exam, and follow-up mainly focuses on symptoms, fertility plans, and confirming how large the septum is rather than tracking stages.
Outlook and prognosis
The outlook for people with a septate uterus is generally very good, especially because many have no symptoms and may never need treatment. The main impact is on reproductive outcomes rather than overall health, with an increased risk of miscarriage, infertility, and sometimes preterm birth or abnormal fetal position, but many people can still achieve a successful pregnancy. When reproductive problems occur, hysteroscopic septum resection often improves the chance of live birth and lowers miscarriage risk, although outcomes vary depending on other fertility factors. Septate uterus does not usually affect life expectancy and is not considered a life-threatening condition. Mortality is not increased by the uterine septum itself, though pregnancy-related complications should still be monitored carefully by an obstetric clinician.
Long-term effects
Many people with a septate uterus go through daily life without noticing any body changes at all, and the condition is often found only during fertility testing or pregnancy care. Long-term effects vary widely, with some people never having problems while others face repeated pregnancy complications. For many, the main long-term concern is how a septate uterus may affect fertility and pregnancy rather than general health or life expectancy.
Many living with a septate uterus have no ongoing physical symptoms between pregnancies. Periods, hormone levels, and overall health are often typical unless another pelvic condition is also present.
The most established long-term effect is a higher chance of miscarriage, especially in the first trimester. This can happen because the pregnancy may implant on tissue with a poorer blood supply inside the uterus.
Some people with a septate uterus conceive without difficulty, while others may take longer to become pregnant or be evaluated for infertility. When doctors discuss pregnancy outcomes with a septate uterus, fertility can be part of the picture, but recurrent miscarriage is usually the bigger concern.
If pregnancy continues, there can be a higher risk of preterm birth and pregnancy loss later on. Reduced space in the uterus may also affect how the pregnancy grows and settles.
How is it to live with Septate uterus?
Living with a septate uterus often has little effect on day-to-day life, and many people do not know they have one until they are evaluated for painful periods, trouble getting pregnant, or pregnancy loss. For many, the biggest impact is emotional rather than physical, because uncertainty around fertility and pregnancy can bring stress, grief, and repeated medical visits, even though effective treatment is available for many people. This can also affect partners and loved ones, who may share the worry, help with appointments and decisions, and need space for honest conversations and support.
Treatment and drugs
Treatment for a septate uterus depends mostly on whether it is causing problems, especially repeated miscarriage, trouble getting pregnant, or pregnancy complications. Many people with a septate uterus do not need treatment if they have no symptoms and are not trying to conceive, but when treatment is needed, the main option is a minor surgery to remove the extra wall inside the uterus, usually through the vagina and cervix without any cuts on the belly. This procedure, often called hysteroscopic septum resection, can improve the shape of the uterus and may lower the risk of some pregnancy problems, although results can vary from person to person. Your doctor can help weigh the pros and cons of each option, and medicines are usually limited to short-term pain relief around the procedure rather than long-term drug treatment.
Can you cure Septate uterus?
A septate uterus cannot be changed with medicine, but it can often be corrected with surgery if it is causing problems. This procedure removes the extra wall of tissue inside the uterus and may lower the risk of miscarriage or help with future pregnancy, although not everyone needs treatment. If there are no symptoms or pregnancy problems, many people with a septate uterus do well without surgery.
Non-drug treatment
Many people with septate uterus do not need treatment, especially if they have no symptoms and are not trying to become pregnant. When care is needed, it usually centers on planning for pregnancy, checking for other causes of miscarriage or infertility, and in some cases a small procedure to remove the extra wall inside the uterus. Not every approach works the same way, so treatment for septate uterus fertility problems depends on your symptoms, pregnancy history, and personal goals.
If a septate uterus is found by chance and is not causing problems, careful follow-up may be all that is needed. This can be a reasonable option for people who are not having pain, infertility, or repeated pregnancy loss.
The main non-drug treatment is a hysteroscopic procedure that removes the tissue dividing the uterus, often through the vagina and cervix without any cuts on the belly. For many, treatment begins not at the pharmacy, but with this short procedure when there is a history of miscarriage or trouble getting pregnant.
A fertility specialist can help sort out whether the septate uterus is likely to be part of the problem or whether other causes should also be checked. This helps many living with septate uterus make clearer decisions about trying naturally, using fertility treatment, or considering surgery first.
If you become pregnant, closer prenatal care may be recommended based on your history and whether the septum has been treated. This may include early ultrasound scans and follow-up visits to watch how the pregnancy is developing.
Your genes may have an impact on how drugs work for you
A septate uterus is a difference in the shape of the womb, and treatment is usually a procedure rather than a long-term medicine plan, so genes do not usually play a big role in treatment choices. If someone is also using common medicines around fertility care, pain control, or anesthesia for a procedure, inherited differences can sometimes affect how well a drug works or how likely side effects are, but this is not a main part of care for a septate uterus itself. In other words, for this condition, medication response is usually guided more by your symptoms, pregnancy plans, and the type of procedure than by genetic testing.
Pharmacological treatments
For septate uterus, there is no medicine that can remove the tissue dividing the uterus or correct the shape of the uterus. Treatment for septate uterus is usually a procedure, not a drug, although medicines may sometimes be used around surgery or for related symptoms. If septate uterus is found during fertility care or after repeated pregnancy loss, the main discussion is often whether a hysteroscopic procedure may help.
There is no medication that treats septate uterus itself or dissolves the septum. If one medicine doesn’t help, that doesn’t mean the right treatment was missed, because drugs are not the main treatment for this condition.
Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen may be used for cramping or pelvic discomfort, especially after a procedure. These medicines ease symptoms but do not change the uterine shape.
Antibiotics are not a routine treatment for septate uterus. They may be given only if there is a separate infection or, in some surgical settings, if your care team thinks infection prevention is needed.
Estrogen or progestin medicines are sometimes prescribed after hysteroscopic septum surgery in selected cases, but this is not standard for everyone. Their role is supportive after the procedure rather than treatment of the septum itself.
Genetic influences
A septate uterus develops before birth, and researchers think genes that guide early formation of the uterus may sometimes affect this process. Most people with septate uterus do not have one known gene change that clearly explains it, and in many cases there is no clear inherited pattern. Many people ask whether septate uterus can be inherited, and it’s natural to ask whether family history plays a role. A few families do seem to have more than one relative with a septate uterus or another difference in the shape of the uterus, which suggests genetics may contribute for some people. Even so, the genetics of septate uterus are not well mapped, so routine genetic testing is not usually part of care when it appears on its own. If septate uterus occurs along with other birth differences, your doctor may consider whether a broader genetic condition should be evaluated.
Is Septate uterus genetic?
Genetics may play a role in septate uterus, but the link is not yet clear. Most cases are not tied to a single gene change. Family patterns have been reported, suggesting inherited factors may matter in some people.
Having a genetic risk is not necessarily a diagnosis
Genetic changes are a normal part of human biology and are common in the general population. Most of these variants do not have a direct effect on health and are simply part of natural human diversity. For many genes, having a variant linked to a condition suggests a possible association rather than a definite diagnosis, especially when several genes and environmental factors are involved. In some situations, though, a single well-understood variant in a specific gene can be enough to confirm a diagnosis.
Pharmacogenetics—how genetics influence drug effects
For many living with septate uterus, the biggest treatment questions are about fertility, miscarriage risk, and whether surgery could help. In most cases, genetics does not directly change the main treatment for septate uterus, because there is no medicine that fixes the uterine septum itself; when treatment is needed, it is usually a minor outpatient surgery done through the cervix. Researchers think genes involved in early reproductive tract development may play a role in why septate uterus happens, but those findings do not currently tell doctors which procedure to use or who is most likely to benefit. Genetics is only one factor, and medicines sometimes used around treatment for septate uterus, such as pain relief, anesthesia, or fertility drugs, are usually chosen based on your overall health, pregnancy plans, and response to care rather than a known septate uterus gene pattern. If you are also dealing with repeated pregnancy loss or trouble getting pregnant, your care team may suggest other testing, including genetic testing in some situations, because those results can affect the broader plan for care. At this point, routine pharmacogenetic testing is not a standard part of septate uterus treatment.
Interactions with other conditions
People living with a septate uterus may also be dealing with infertility, repeated miscarriage, or other reproductive health concerns, which can make it hard to tell what is causing which problem. Doctors call it a “comorbidity” when two conditions occur together. In practice, a septate uterus can overlap with other common causes of trouble getting pregnant, such as hormone-related ovulation problems or conditions affecting the fallopian tubes, so doctors often look at the whole picture rather than assuming the uterine shape is the only issue. Some may also have other differences in the reproductive tract, and in a smaller number of cases doctors may check for kidney or urinary tract differences because these structures develop around the same time before birth. If you are being evaluated for the early symptoms of septate uterus, or for pregnancy loss or infertility, it helps to ask whether any other gynecologic or medical conditions could be affecting treatment decisions.
How genes can cause diseases
Humans have more than 20,000 genes, each carrying out one or a few specific functions in the body. One gene instructs the body to digest lactose from milk, another tells the body how to build strong bones and another prevents the body's cells from beginning to multiply uncontrollably and developing into cancer. As all of these genes combined are the building instructions for our body, a defect in one of these genes can have severe health consequences.
Through decades of genetic research, we know the genetic code of any healthy/functional human gene. We have also identified that in certain positions on a gene, some individuals may have a different genetic letter from the one you have. We call these hotspots "Genetic Variations" or "Variants" in short. In many cases, studies have been able to show that having the genetic letter "G" in the position makes you healthy, but having the letter "A" in the same position disrupts the gene function and causes a disease. Genopedia allows you to view these variants in genes and summarizes all that we know from scientific research, which genetic letters (Genotype) have good or bad consequences on your health or on your traits.
What other conditions can cause similar symptoms to Septate uterus?
Other conditions that can be mistaken for a septate uterus include a bicornuate uterus, which is a different kind of womb shape difference that can also be linked with miscarriage or trouble getting pregnant. Fibroids, polyps, scar tissue inside the uterus, and endometriosis can also cause some of the same problems, such as painful periods, bleeding changes, pelvic pain, or fertility issues. Because many people with a septate uterus have no obvious symptoms, scans are usually needed to tell these conditions apart.
History
For a long time, many living with a septate uterus had no idea anything was different until they had trouble getting pregnant, had repeated miscarriages, or learned about it during an ultrasound done for another reason. In everyday life, this can mean years of normal periods and no clear symptoms, followed by a confusing moment when a scan shows that the inside of the uterus is partly divided by a wall of tissue.
Early doctors could only understand this condition by what they saw during surgery, autopsy, or later on simple imaging tests. That made it hard to tell a septate uterus apart from other differences in the shape of the uterus. Medical classifications changed as doctors learned that some people had a uterus with an outer shape that looked normal, but a partition inside the cavity. This mattered because the risks and treatment could be different from other uterine differences.
As imaging improved, especially with modern ultrasound, MRI, and small cameras placed through the cervix, the picture became much clearer. Doctors were better able to recognize the early symptoms of septate uterus, but also to see that many people have no symptoms at all. Over time, this helped shift care away from guesswork and toward more accurate diagnosis.
Treatment changed too. In the past, surgery was more invasive and recovery could be harder. Today, when treatment is needed, doctors can often remove the tissue wall using minimally invasive methods through the cervix, without making cuts in the abdomen. Research over recent decades has also helped doctors better understand when surgery may help, especially for some people with infertility or pregnancy loss, and when monitoring may be enough.
The history of septate uterus is really a story of clearer imaging and better classification. For many, that has meant fewer missed diagnoses, more personalized care, and a better understanding that this uterine difference can affect people in very different ways.